7-Zip是一個支持7z(它實現了LZMA壓縮算法,具有非常高的壓縮比)、LZMA2、XZ、ZIP、Zip64、CAB、ARJ、GZIP、BZIP2、TAR、CPIO、RPM、ISO、大多數文件系統映像和DEB格式的文件歸檔器。RAR格式由于不是免費許可,已經被刪除了。
環境
- Centos7.7 Minimal
- p7zip-16.02
安裝
默認Centos7沒有安裝p7zip安裝包,默認源里面也沒有這個安裝包,需要安裝epel源才能安裝p7zip安裝包。
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install epel-release
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install p7zip p7zip-plugins
使用方法
7z命令提供的函數字母與命令行選項類似,但使用時不使用-。這些參數字母告訴命令它需要執行的函數。
壓縮文件
創建一個壓縮包使用a參數
創建一個7z格式的壓縮包:
[root@localhost ~]# 7z a files.7z file1.txt file2.txt file3.txt file4.txt
7-Zip [64] 16.02 : Copyright (c) 1999-2016 Igor Pavlov : 2016-05-21
p7zip Version 16.02 (locale=en_US.UTF-8,Utf16=on,HugeFiles=on,64 bits,1 CPU Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-8400 CPU @ 2.80GHz (906EA),ASM,AES-NI)
Scanning the drive:
4 files, 0 bytes
Creating archive: files.7z
Items to compress: 4
Files read from disk: 0
Archive size: 143 bytes (1 KiB)
Everything is Ok
執行完命令,查看一下是否已經創建7z格式的壓縮包


創建一個包含目錄的壓縮包:
[root@localhost ~]# 7z a gpg.7z .gnupg/
7-Zip [64] 16.02 : Copyright (c) 1999-2016 Igor Pavlov : 2016-05-21
p7zip Version 16.02 (locale=en_US.UTF-8,Utf16=on,HugeFiles=on,64 bits,1 CPU Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-8400 CPU @ 2.80GHz (906EA),ASM,AES-NI)
Scanning the drive:
2 folders, 5 files, 8280 bytes (9 KiB)
Creating archive: gpg.7z
Items to compress: 7
Files read from disk: 2
Archive size: 4157 bytes (5 KiB)
Everything is Ok
[root@localhost ~]#


7zip還可以壓縮、解壓縮其他格式的壓縮包。比如:創建一個.zip格式的壓縮包。
[root@localhost ~]# 7z a files.zip file{1..4}.txt
7-Zip [64] 16.02 : Copyright (c) 1999-2016 Igor Pavlov : 2016-05-21
p7zip Version 16.02 (locale=en_US.UTF-8,Utf16=on,HugeFiles=on,64 bits,1 CPU Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-8400 CPU @ 2.80GHz (906EA),ASM,AES-NI)
Scanning the drive:
4 files, 0 bytes
Creating archive: files.zip
Items to compress: 4
Files read from disk: 4
Archive size: 542 bytes (1 KiB)
Everything is Ok


列出壓縮包里面的內容
列出壓縮包的內容使用l參數:
[root@localhost ~]# 7z l gpg.7z
7-Zip [64] 16.02 : Copyright (c) 1999-2016 Igor Pavlov : 2016-05-21
p7zip Version 16.02 (locale=en_US.UTF-8,Utf16=on,HugeFiles=on,64 bits,1 CPU Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-8400 CPU @ 2.80GHz (906EA),ASM,AES-NI)
Scanning the drive for archives:
1 file, 4157 bytes (5 KiB)
Listing archive: gpg.7z
--
Path = gpg.7z
Type = 7z
Physical Size = 4157
Headers Size = 278
Method = LZMA2:12k
Solid = +
Blocks = 1
Date Time Attr Size Compressed Name
------------------- ----- ------------ ------------ ------------------------
2020-01-04 18:24:05 D.... 0 0 .gnupg
2020-01-04 18:22:36 D.... 0 0 .gnupg/private-keys-v1.d
2020-01-04 18:24:48 ....A 0 0 .gnupg/S.gpg-agent
2020-01-04 18:22:36 ....A 0 0 .gnupg/pubring.gpg
2020-01-04 18:24:05 ....A 0 0 .gnupg/secring.gpg
2020-01-04 18:22:36 ....A 7680 3879 .gnupg/gpg.conf
2020-01-04 18:24:52 ....A 600 .gnupg/random_seed
------------------- ----- ------------ ------------ ------------------------
2020-01-04 18:24:52 8280 3879 5 files, 2 folders


解壓文件
使用e來解壓文件,解壓所有文件到當前目錄。(不推薦使用)
[root@localhost test]# 7z e gpg.7z
7-Zip [64] 16.02 : Copyright (c) 1999-2016 Igor Pavlov : 2016-05-21
p7zip Version 16.02 (locale=en_US.UTF-8,Utf16=on,HugeFiles=on,64 bits,1 CPU Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-8400 CPU @ 2.80GHz (906EA),ASM,AES-NI)
Scanning the drive for archives:
1 file, 4157 bytes (5 KiB)
Extracting archive: gpg.7z
--
Path = gpg.7z
Type = 7z
Physical Size = 4157
Headers Size = 278
Method = LZMA2:12k
Solid = +
Blocks = 1
Everything is Ok
Folders: 2
Files: 5
Size: 8280
Compressed: 4157
可以看到所有文件都解壓到當前目錄了。


現在使用x參數解壓文件看一下。
[root@localhost test]# 7z x gpg.7z
7-Zip [64] 16.02 : Copyright (c) 1999-2016 Igor Pavlov : 2016-05-21
p7zip Version 16.02 (locale=en_US.UTF-8,Utf16=on,HugeFiles=on,64 bits,1 CPU Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-8400 CPU @ 2.80GHz (906EA),ASM,AES-NI)
Scanning the drive for archives:
1 file, 4157 bytes (5 KiB)
Extracting archive: gpg.7z
--
Path = gpg.7z
Type = 7z
Physical Size = 4157
Headers Size = 278
Method = LZMA2:12k
Solid = +
Blocks = 1
Everything is Ok
Folders: 2
Files: 5
Size: 8280
Compressed: 4157
可以看到解壓出來的文件,按照原來文件的目錄形式解壓出來的。


更新壓縮包
一段時間之后,需要將一些新文件添加到文件夾中,并且希望將他們添加到壓縮包里面,可以不用創建一個新的壓縮包,只需要更新現有的壓縮包就可以。
首先將test目錄壓縮
[root@localhost test]# 7z a files.7z test/
7-Zip [64] 16.02 : Copyright (c) 1999-2016 Igor Pavlov : 2016-05-21
p7zip Version 16.02 (locale=en_US.UTF-8,Utf16=on,HugeFiles=on,64 bits,1 CPU Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-8400 CPU @ 2.80GHz (906EA),ASM,AES-NI)
Scanning the drive:
1 folder, 4 files, 0 bytes
Creating archive: files.7z
Items to compress: 5
Files read from disk: 0
Archive size: 158 bytes (1 KiB)
Everything is Ok


在test文件夾中創建幾個文件,然后再更新壓縮包:
[root@localhost test]# touch test/file{5..10}.txt
[root@localhost test]# 7z u files.7z test/
7-Zip [64] 16.02 : Copyright (c) 1999-2016 Igor Pavlov : 2016-05-21
p7zip Version 16.02 (locale=en_US.UTF-8,Utf16=on,HugeFiles=on,64 bits,1 CPU Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-8400 CPU @ 2.80GHz (906EA),ASM,AES-NI)
Open archive: files.7z
--
Path = files.7z
Type = 7z
Physical Size = 158
Headers Size = 158
Solid = -
Blocks = 0
Scanning the drive:
1 folder, 10 files, 0 bytes
Updating archive: files.7z
Items to compress: 7
Files read from disk: 0
Archive size: 186 bytes (1 KiB)
Everything is Ok


查看一下是否已經添加文件。
[root@localhost test]# 7z l files.7z
7-Zip [64] 16.02 : Copyright (c) 1999-2016 Igor Pavlov : 2016-05-21
p7zip Version 16.02 (locale=en_US.UTF-8,Utf16=on,HugeFiles=on,64 bits,1 CPU Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-8400 CPU @ 2.80GHz (906EA),ASM,AES-NI)
Scanning the drive for archives:
1 file, 186 bytes (1 KiB)
Listing archive: files.7z
--
Path = files.7z
Type = 7z
Physical Size = 186
Headers Size = 186
Solid = -
Blocks = 0
Date Time Attr Size Compressed Name
------------------- ----- ------------ ------------ ------------------------
2020-03-11 14:24:54 D.... 0 0 test
2020-03-11 14:18:22 ....A 0 0 test/file1.txt
2020-03-11 14:24:54 ....A 0 0 test/file10.txt
2020-03-11 14:18:22 ....A 0 0 test/file2.txt
2020-03-11 14:18:22 ....A 0 0 test/file3.txt
2020-03-11 14:18:22 ....A 0 0 test/file4.txt
2020-03-11 14:24:54 ....A 0 0 test/file5.txt
2020-03-11 14:24:54 ....A 0 0 test/file6.txt
2020-03-11 14:24:54 ....A 0 0 test/file7.txt
2020-03-11 14:24:54 ....A 0 0 test/file8.txt
2020-03-11 14:24:54 ....A 0 0 test/file9.txt
------------------- ----- ------------ ------------ ------------------------
2020-03-11 14:24:54 0 0 10 files, 1 folders


總結
7z格式的壓縮比例比ZIP格式的壓縮比例高30%-50%。
版權聲明:本文內容由互聯網用戶自發貢獻,該文觀點僅代表作者本人。本站僅提供信息存儲空間服務,不擁有所有權,不承擔相關法律責任。如發現本站有涉嫌抄襲侵權/違法違規的內容, 請發送郵件至 舉報,一經查實,本站將立刻刪除。
發表評論
請登錄后評論...
登錄后才能評論