Java中表示字符串的有三個類:String、StringBuffer和StringBuilder。其中,String的長度是不可變的,而StringBuffer和StringBuilder是長度可變的。對于StringBuffer和StringBuilder來說,兩者的API幾乎一模一樣,因為兩者有共同的父類:AbstractStringBuilder。區別在于StringBuffer的大部分方法都是被synchronized關鍵字修飾,是線程安全的,而StringBuilder則與其相反。
所以本篇就對StringBuffer和StringBuilder類比著來進行介紹。
- 構造器
StringBuffer和StringBuilder的構造器都有三個,分別如下:
StringBuffer的構造器:
- new StringBuffer(int capacity)
- new StringBuffer(String str)
- new StringBuffer(CharSequence seq)
StringBuilder的構造器:
- new StringBuilder(int capacity)
- new StringBuilder(String str)
- new StringBuilder(CharSequence seq)
對比兩者構造器發現,它們對構造器的重載都施行了同樣的方式,可以傳入一個整數的容量,可以傳一個字符串值,甚至可以傳一個字符序列的對象。對于Java來說,常用的字符序列對象就是我們認知中的String, StringBuffer和StringBuilder。關于StringBuilder和StringBuffer的使用的示例代碼如下所示:
public class StringTest {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
// 初始化一個容量為16,但沒有值的空StringBuffer對象
StringBuffer strBuffer = new StringBuffer(16);
System.out.println("strBuffer:" + strBuffer + ", 容量為:" + strBuffer.capacity() + ", 長度為:"
+ strBuffer.length());
// 初始化一個容量為16,但沒有值的空StringBuilder對象
StringBuilder strBuilder = new StringBuilder(16);
System.out.println("strBuilder:" + strBuilder + ", 容量為:" + strBuilder.capacity() + ", 長度為:"
+ strBuilder.length());
// 根據一個字符串初始化一個StringBuffer對象
StringBuffer strBuffer2 = new StringBuffer("how are you");
System.out.println("strBuffer2的值為:" + strBuffer2 + ", 容量為:" + strBuffer2.capacity() + ", 長度為:"
+ strBuffer2.length());
// 根據一個字符串初始化一個StringBuilder對象
StringBuilder strBuilder2 = new StringBuilder("how old are you");
System.out.println("strBuilder2的值為:" + strBuilder2 + ", 容量為:" + strBuilder2.capacity() + ", 長度為:"
+ strBuilder2.length());
// 根據一個字符序列對象如StringBuilder來初始化一個StringBuffer對象
StringBuilder strBuffer3 = new StringBuilder(strBuilder);
System.out.println("strBuffer3的值為:" + strBuffer3 + ", 容量為:" + strBuffer3.capacity() + ", 長度為:"
+ strBuffer3.length());
// 根據一個字符序列對象如StringBuffer來初始化一個StringBuilder對象
StringBuilder strBuilder3 = new StringBuilder(strBuffer2);
System.out.println("strBuilder3的值為:" + strBuilder3 + ", 容量為:" + strBuilder3.capacity() + ", 長度為:"
+ strBuilder3.length());
}
}
執行結果如下圖所示:


- 拼接參數
拼接參數常用的方法方法如下圖:


也就是說,該方法可以拼接所有的基本數據類型和其對應的包裝類型,字符數組、字符序列對象及其他的引用對象等。
StringBuilder和StringBuffer的append
其示例代碼如下所示:
public class StringTest {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
// 可以拼接所有的基本數據類型
StringBuilder strBuilder = new StringBuilder();
StringBuffer strBuffer = new StringBuffer();
// 拼接int(byte、short都可以自動轉換為int)
strBuilder.append(12).append(",");
strBuffer.append(12).append(",");
// 拼接long
strBuilder.append(13L).append(",");
strBuffer.append(13L).append(",");
// 拼接float
strBuilder.append(3.4f).append(",");
strBuffer.append(3.4f).append(",");
// 拼接double
strBuilder.append(3.5).append(",");
strBuffer.append(3.5).append(",");
// 拼接字符數組
strBuilder.append("hello".toCharArray()).append(",");
strBuffer.append("hello".toCharArray()).append(",");
// 拼接其他引用對象
strBuilder.append(new Date()).append(",");
strBuffer.append(new Date()).append(",");
// 拼接指定字符數組偏移指定位數后的指定長度字符
strBuilder.append("hello".toCharArray(), 2, 2).append(",");
strBuffer.append("hello".toCharArray(), 2, 2).append(",");
// 拼接指定字符序列對象(常見的為String、StringBuffer和StringBuilder)指定開始和結束(不包括)的字符串
strBuilder.append("hello", 1, 3).append(",");
strBuffer.append("hello", 1, 3).append(",");
printStrBuilder(strBuilder);
printStrBuffer(strBuffer);
}
private static void printStrBuilder(StringBuilder strBuilder) {
String[] strArr = strBuilder.deleteCharAt(strBuilder.length() - 1).toString().split(",");
System.out.println("StringBuilder信息為:n" + Arrays.asList(strArr));
}
private static void printStrBuffer(StringBuffer strBuffer) {
String[] strArr = strBuffer.deleteCharAt(strBuffer.length() - 1).toString().split(",");
System.out.println("StringBuffer信息為:n" + Arrays.asList(strArr));
}
}
只想結果如下圖所示:


- 獲取某個字符串在另一個字符串中的索引位置
這里使用的方法有四個,如下圖:


相關的示例代碼如下所示:
public class StringTest {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
StringBuilder strBuilder = new StringBuilder("no zuo no die no happy no problem");
StringBuffer strBuffer = new StringBuffer("no zuo no die no happy no problem");
// indexOf
System.out.println(""no"在strBuilder中首次出現的位置為:" + strBuilder.indexOf("no"));
System.out.println(""no"在strBuffer中首次出現的位置為:" + strBuffer.indexOf("no"));
System.out.println(""no"在strBuilder中在索引3之后首次出現的位置為:" + strBuilder.indexOf("no", 3));
System.out.println(""no"在strBuffer中在索引3之后首次出現的位置為:" + strBuffer.indexOf("no", 3));
// lastIndexOf
System.out.println(""no"在strBuilder中最后出現的位置為:" + strBuilder.lastIndexOf("no"));
System.out.println(""no"在strBuffer中最后出現的位置為:" + strBuffer.lastIndexOf("no"));
System.out.println(""no"在strBuilder中在索引20之前最后出現的位置為:" + strBuilder.lastIndexOf("no", 20));
System.out.println(""no"在strBuffer中在索引20之前最后出現的位置為:" + strBuffer.lastIndexOf("no", 20));
}
}
執行結果如下圖所示:


- 插入方法
插入方法為:insert(int offset, XXX xxx), 目的是在偏移offset個字符后插入xxx。這里的xxx表示所有的基本數據類型及其對應的包裝類型、字符數組、字符序列對象和其他的引用對象等。常用方法如下:


?相關示例代碼如下所示:
public class StringTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
StringBuilder strBuilder = new StringBuilder("hello");
StringBuffer strBuffer = new StringBuffer("hello");
System.out.println("在strBuilder偏移2位后插入整數3的結果為:" + strBuilder.insert(2, 3));
System.out.println("在strBuffer偏移3位后插入整數3的結果為:" + strBuffer.insert(3, 3));
StringBuilder strBuilder2 = new StringBuilder("world");
StringBuffer strBuffer2 = new StringBuffer("world");
System.out.println("在strBuilder2偏移2位后插入'好'的結果為:" + strBuilder2.insert(2, '好'));
System.out.println("在strBuffer2偏移3位后插入'好'的結果為:" + strBuffer2.insert(3, '好'));
StringBuilder strBuilder3 = new StringBuilder("what");
StringBuffer strBuffer3 = new StringBuffer("what");
System.out.println("在strBuilder3偏移2位后插入4L的結果為:" + strBuilder3.insert(2, 4L));
System.out.println("在strBuffer3偏移3位后插入4L的結果為:" + strBuffer3.insert(3, 4L));
StringBuilder strBuilder4 = new StringBuilder("where");
StringBuffer strBuffer4 = new StringBuffer("where");
System.out.println("在strBuilder4偏移2位后插入3.14F的結果為:" + strBuilder4.insert(2, 3.14F));
System.out.println("在strBuffer4偏移3位后插入3.14F的結果為:" + strBuffer4.insert(3, 3.14F));
StringBuilder strBuilder5 = new StringBuilder("when");
StringBuffer strBuffer5 = new StringBuffer("when");
System.out.println("在strBuilder5偏移2位后插入1.414的結果為:" + strBuilder5.insert(2, 1.414));
System.out.println("在strBuffer5偏移3位后插入1.414的結果為:" + strBuffer5.insert(3, 1.414));
StringBuilder strBuilder6 = new StringBuilder("crazy");
StringBuffer strBuffer6 = new StringBuffer("crazy");
System.out.println("在strBuilder6偏移2位后插入true的結果為:" + strBuilder6.insert(2, true));
System.out.println("在strBuffer6偏移3位后插入false的結果為:" + strBuffer6.insert(3, false));
StringBuilder strBuilder7 = new StringBuilder("hehe");
StringBuffer strBuffer7 = new StringBuffer("hehe");
System.out.println("在strBuilder7偏移2位后插入Date的結果為:" + strBuilder7.insert(2, new Date()));
System.out.println("在strBuffer7偏移3位后插入Date的結果為:" + strBuffer7.insert(3, new Date()));
StringBuilder strBuilder8 = new StringBuilder("this");
StringBuffer strBuffer8 = new StringBuffer("this");
System.out.println("在strBuilder8偏移2位后插入字符數組['a', 'r', 'e']的結果為:"
+ strBuilder8.insert(2, new char[]{'a', 'r', 'e'}));
System.out.println("在strBuffer8偏移3位后插入字符數組['a', 'r', 'e']的結果為:"
+ strBuffer8.insert(3, new char[]{'a', 'r', 'e'}));
StringBuilder strBuilder9 = new StringBuilder("happend");
StringBuffer strBuffer9 = new StringBuffer("happend");
System.out.println("在strBuilder9偏移2位后插入Date的結果為:"
+ strBuilder9.insert(2, new StringBuffer("234")));
System.out.println("在strBuffer9偏移3位后插入Date的結果為:"
+ strBuffer9.insert(3, new StringBuilder("234")));
StringBuilder strBuilder10 = new StringBuilder("that");
StringBuffer strBuffer10 = new StringBuffer("that");
System.out.println("在strBuilder10偏移2位后插入字符數組['a', 'r', 'e']的結果為:"
+ strBuilder10.insert(2, new char[]{'a', 'r', 'e'}, 0, 2));
System.out.println("在strBuffer10偏移3位后插入字符數組['a', 'r', 'e']的結果為:"
+ strBuffer10.insert(3, new char[]{'a', 'r', 'e'}, 0, 2));
StringBuilder strBuilder11 = new StringBuilder("jerry");
StringBuffer strBuffer11 = new StringBuffer("jerry");
System.out.println("在strBuilder11偏移2位后插入Date的結果為:"
+ strBuilder11.insert(2, new StringBuffer("234"), 0, 2));
System.out.println("在strBuffer11偏移3位后插入Date的結果為:"
+ strBuffer11.insert(3, new StringBuilder("234"), 0, 2));
}
}
執行結果如下圖所示:


- 刪除某個或某些字符
刪除某個或某些的字符方法如下圖所示:


相關示例代碼如下:
public class StringTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
StringBuilder strBuilder = new StringBuilder("hello");
StringBuffer strBuffer = new StringBuffer("hello");
System.out.println("strBuilder刪除索引為1處的字符后結果為:" + strBuilder.deleteCharAt(1));
System.out.println("strBuffer刪除索引為1處的字符后結果為:" + strBuffer.deleteCharAt(1));
StringBuilder strBuilder2 = new StringBuilder("hello");
StringBuffer strBuffer2 = new StringBuffer("hello");
System.out.println("strBuilder2刪除索引從1到3(不包括3)的字符后結果為:" + strBuilder2.delete(1, 3));
System.out.println("strBuffer2刪除索引從1到3(不包括3)的字符后結果為:" + strBuffer2.delete(1, 3));
}
}
執行結果如下圖所示:


- ?取子字符串
取子字符串的方法如下:


示例代碼如下所示:
public class StringTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
StringBuilder strBuilder = new StringBuilder("hello world");
StringBuffer strBuffer = new StringBuffer("hello world");
System.out.println("strBuilder從索引3處開始到字符串末尾的子字符串為:" + strBuilder.substring(3));
System.out.println("strBuffer從索引3處開始到字符串末尾的子字符串為:" + strBuffer.substring(3));
StringBuilder strBuilder2 = new StringBuilder("hello world");
StringBuffer strBuffer2 = new StringBuffer("hello world");
System.out.println("strBuilder從索引3處開始到5(不包括5)的子字符串為:" + strBuilder.substring(3, 5));
System.out.println("strBuffer從索引3處開始到5(不包括5)的子字符串為:" + strBuffer.substring(3, 5));
}
}
執行結果如下圖所示:


- 其他
除了以上列舉的方法外,還有一些常用的方法,分別為:
- int capacity():獲取容量(初始化字符數組的長度)
- int length():獲取長度(實際字符的長度)
- replace(int start, int end, String str):將索引從start到end(不包括end)的字符序列替換為str
- char charAt(int index):獲取指定索引出的字符
- void setCharAt(int index, char ch):用ch替換指定索引處的字符
- void setLength(int newwLength):將字符序列強制變為指定長度,多余的字符被置為null。
- CharSequence subSequence(int start, int end):獲取子字符序列對象。
- reverse():將字符序列進行反轉。
示例代碼如下所示:
public class StringTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
StringBuilder strBuilder = new StringBuilder("hello world");
StringBuffer strBuffer = new StringBuffer("hello world");
// 獲取字符容量
System.out.println("strBuilder的容量為:" + strBuilder.capacity());
System.out.println("strBuffer的容量為:" + strBuffer.capacity());
// 獲取長度
System.out.println("strBuilder的長度為:" + strBuilder.length());
System.out.println("strBuffer的長度為:" + strBuffer.length());
// 替換字符串
System.out.println("用"tom"替換strBuilder的0到5(不包括5)后結果為:"
+ strBuilder.replace(0, 5, "tom"));
System.out.println("用"tom"替換strBuffer的0到5(不包括5)后結果為:"
+ strBuffer.replace(0, 5, "tom"));
// 獲取指定索引處的字符
System.out.println("strBuilder的索引為1的字符為:" + strBuilder.charAt(1));
System.out.println("strBuffer的索引為1的字符為:" + strBuffer.charAt(1));
// 將字符序列強制變為指定長度
strBuilder.setLength(3);
System.out.println("strBuilder強制變為長度為3的結果為:" + strBuilder);
strBuffer.setLength(3);
System.out.println("strBuffer強制變為長度為3的結果為:" + strBuffer);
// 取子字符序列
System.out.println("strBuilder的從0到2的子字符序列為:" + strBuilder.subSequence(0, 2));
System.out.println("strBuffer的從0到2的子字符序列為:" + strBuffer.subSequence(0, 2));
// 字符序列反轉
System.out.println("strBuilder的反轉后為:" + strBuilder.reverse());
System.out.println("strBuffer的反轉為:" + strBuffer.reverse());
}
}
執行結果如下圖所示:


?自此,關于StringBuffer和StringBuilder的介紹就已經算是結束了。
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